Sentencing reforms and other "sensible" changes proposed by the Ministry of Justice are under threat from Prime Minister David Cameron and his advisers.
New research has undermined assumptions about punishment, with the revelation that many offenders preferred a short prison term over a community sentence.
Prison reformers have expressed dismay at the determination of the majority of Westminster MPs to defy a legal ruling against the ban on prisoners voting.
The All Party Parliamentary Group on Women in the Penal System says funding cuts are a "challenge" and the coalition must support women in the penal system.